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THE MIDDLE CLASSES IN AFRICA.

The latest high growth rates recorded by the continent these15 years, gave birth to a new class called individual: the middle class.This would be typical of those earning between 2 and 20 dollars per day and is expected to increase from 355 million people (34% of the population) to 1.1 billion (42% of the population) by 2060.



However, much of the African middle class (around 180 million people) flirt the poverty line..Because, Who have not yet acquired the necessary financial stability, allowing him to get out of poverty permanently (between 2 and 4 dollars per day gain).

 This fringe of the African population would have a major role to play in the respective economies continent.Its consumer spending reached an estimated $ 680 billion in 2008.To say, almost a quarter of the GDP of Africa.

 By 2030, this figure is expected to reach 2.200 billion dollars, Africa would represent about 3% of world consumption.

 Although the reputation of many spare, nationals of the African middle class still use a portion of their income for leisure.This segment of the population is inclined towards the health-related expenses, education ... As to, equipment such as televisions, refrigerators and other ...

 Within the middle class, education and mobility are key factors in employment.They enable people to migrate to new areas or wages are attractive.Or settle in urban areas with more job opportunities.

 In recent years, the continent has experienced a boom in manufacturing and services.In particular, telecommunications and finance.This growth, should result in sustained growth of future middle class jobs.

 African cities continue to know rapidly, creating dynamic environments conducive to innovation and increased labor productivity.

 In spite of these positive developments the informal sector will continue to dominate the labor market in the medium term.

 The rise of the middle class is also a huge challenge in terms of service delivery.Significant investments must be financed while at the same time the most vulnerable must be protected to avoid falling back into poverty.

 The middle class has more purchasing power than the poor.And is therefore best placed to help finance infrastructure improvements.

 However, keeping count of the floating category (those who earn between 2 and 4 dollars per day), it will probably keep user fees low enough to be affordable.

 The major difficulty is how to bridge the huge infrastructure financing gap.Africa needs 19-20 billion dollars a year to ensure all its inhabitants access to electricity by 2019. 

Access to improved water sources requires a total investment of 16 billion dollars per year.While improving sanitation would cost between 17 and 18 billion dollars per year.

 Finally, the emergence of the African middle class will not be sustaining that if the continent is implementing strategies to promote prosperity for all.Without such measures, which go particularly by broadening employment opportunities, social tensions could undermine middle classes growth.This one also depend on the policies that will be implemented to promote improvement of infrastructure, sustainable and shared growth, human resource development, private sector participation and strengthening governance and the culture of accountability.Social policies can help accelerate this emerging trend, for example through expenditure directed towards the poor in the areas of education and health.During, the next twenty years through adequate policies of human capital development and job creation, Africa can succeed in transforming its social fabric as an increasing share of its population out of poverty to join the ranks of the middle class.


-Frédéric Betta-Akwa

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