"There is a growing gap between those who are able to easily connect to the world march;and those who remain out of it. For these, a large number of social, economic and political opportunities are inaccessible"
-Mark Graham
Africans are among the least connected to the Internet in the world, according to a map made by two researchers at the university of Oxford in the UK.
Ralph Straumann and Mark Graham identified on a world map all the most disconnected countries worldwide Internet using data from the World Bank Development Indicators 2013 and those of Natural Earth.
This map highlights the most areas that are hardly connected to the internet and by extension that are"largely kept away from participation in cultural, educational, political, and economic"that accompanies this tool.
According to the study published on Geonet, the center of gravity of this low internet access is in sub-Saharan Africa.
In this region, 28 countries in total have low penetration in internet with a threshold of less than 10%, according to estimates of researchers.
Issues countries are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Mali, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger , Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somali, Chad, Tanzania, and Togo.
In the lot of the countries with the lowest connectivity included densely populated nations like l`Ethiopie (94 million), the Democratic Republic of Congo (68 million) and Tanzania (49 million), with a average rate of 2.6% connection.
IHub growth reflects the strong growth in information and communications technology in Kenya over the last 15 years.The digital revolution began in 1999 with the arrival on the market of mobile telephony operators of (now Zain and Bharti Airtel) and Safaricom.In 2001, the Kenya Communications Commission reported a "
extraordinary increase in the number of subscribers, which reached 330 000".In retrospect, this figure seems paltry. In 2013, the same committee reported 30 million subscribers.
Same trend across the continent the penetration rate of mobile telephony has grown from 1% in 2000 to 54% in 2012.It there's currently more than 754 million connections in Sub-Saharan Africa and more than 35 operators on the continent.Several countries, including Seychelles, Tunisia, Morocco and Ghana show a penetration rate exceeding 100%.Tunisia, with 120%, has 10.8 million mobile phones more than it has inhabitants.
There is no doubt that the mobile infrastructure has become as indispensable as road and energy infrastructure for national economies.In some African countries, in addition to telephony services and internet, mobile networks facilitate financial transactions to benefit small businesses.In Kenya, the transfer system funds by SMS, M-pesa, commutes more than 24 million, and about 8.8 billion years or 40% of national GDP through its network of 17 million users.Zimbabwe EcoCash led by Econet Wireless, has attracted 2.3 million subscribers 18 months after its launch in September 2011 and supersedes all traditional domestic bank accounts.According to the international consulting firm, Global Strategic Marketing Alliance, over a million of these accounts are active and transfer each month nearly $ 200 million to EcoCash platform.
The period 2005-2010 corresponds to the second wave of the African digital revolution, when the continent was connected to the world through submarine fiber optic wedges.These cables have greatly increased data transmission capacity and reduces the time and costs of transmission.Before fiber optics, Internet providers depend on the satellite connection for a monthly cost of $ 2,300 for a basic connection.With fiber, they have the same service for less than $ 100.
It is this wave that has allowed technology platforms as l`iHUB Kenyan, the Kinu Tanzanian, Nigerian CcHUB and JoziHub Johannesburg to emerge.
Sixteen submarine cables now connect Africa to the Americas, Europe and Asia.With the exception of Eritrea and Western Sahara, all coastal countries have landing stations cables, tripling the capacity of the Internet in Africa over the last three years.A single cable can reach several stations. For example, the Seacom cable dessert Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa.
In Africa, the number d`utilisateurs increased seven times faster on average than the rest of the world, with growth of 3600% between 2000 and 2012, with 167 million users, according to the World website data Statistics, which records the use of internet and social erseaux.In Kenya, or the growth of Internet usage was the highest in Africa, the Communication Commission states that users increased from 200,000 in 2000 to more than 19.6 million end of 2013, an increase staggering 9700%.
The rates of Internet access in sub-Saharan Africa are the most expensive in the world by the ITU, the cost of a broadband connection is there on average, about $ 100 to 110 kilobits / second against less than $ 30 North Africa and less than $ 20 in the rest of the world.
However, the development potential is huge.In Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda and Tanzania, less than 10% of respondents knew the Internet.This rate rises to 30% in Benin, Botswana, d`ivoire Coast, Ghana and Namibia.
The low Internet penetration and high cost of the connection are mainly due to the absence of international high-capacity networks.
According to André Hounga specialist ICT Homintec-Togo, a telecommunication company:the delay on Internet penetration in some countries in Africa results from a lack of strategy and political commitment in this area.
Because the mainland is connected by several submarine cables and optical fiber, but the distribution lines is mostly limited to the ribs and did not really even gets inland.
African governments are slow to adopt the laws relating to the development and operation of ICT infrastructure.Nigeria, for example, is governed by archaic laws.Currently, its ICT is managed by three main pieces: the National Mass Communication Policy of 1990, the National Telecommunications Policy of 2000 and the National Policy for Information Technology in 2000.
~Frédéric Betta-Akwa
-Mark Graham
Africans are among the least connected to the Internet in the world, according to a map made by two researchers at the university of Oxford in the UK.
Ralph Straumann and Mark Graham identified on a world map all the most disconnected countries worldwide Internet using data from the World Bank Development Indicators 2013 and those of Natural Earth.
This map highlights the most areas that are hardly connected to the internet and by extension that are"largely kept away from participation in cultural, educational, political, and economic"that accompanies this tool.
According to the study published on Geonet, the center of gravity of this low internet access is in sub-Saharan Africa.
In this region, 28 countries in total have low penetration in internet with a threshold of less than 10%, according to estimates of researchers.
Issues countries are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Mali, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger , Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somali, Chad, Tanzania, and Togo.
In the lot of the countries with the lowest connectivity included densely populated nations like l`Ethiopie (94 million), the Democratic Republic of Congo (68 million) and Tanzania (49 million), with a average rate of 2.6% connection.
- The explosion of the internet demand in Africa
IHub growth reflects the strong growth in information and communications technology in Kenya over the last 15 years.The digital revolution began in 1999 with the arrival on the market of mobile telephony operators of (now Zain and Bharti Airtel) and Safaricom.In 2001, the Kenya Communications Commission reported a "
extraordinary increase in the number of subscribers, which reached 330 000".In retrospect, this figure seems paltry. In 2013, the same committee reported 30 million subscribers.
Same trend across the continent the penetration rate of mobile telephony has grown from 1% in 2000 to 54% in 2012.It there's currently more than 754 million connections in Sub-Saharan Africa and more than 35 operators on the continent.Several countries, including Seychelles, Tunisia, Morocco and Ghana show a penetration rate exceeding 100%.Tunisia, with 120%, has 10.8 million mobile phones more than it has inhabitants.
There is no doubt that the mobile infrastructure has become as indispensable as road and energy infrastructure for national economies.In some African countries, in addition to telephony services and internet, mobile networks facilitate financial transactions to benefit small businesses.In Kenya, the transfer system funds by SMS, M-pesa, commutes more than 24 million, and about 8.8 billion years or 40% of national GDP through its network of 17 million users.Zimbabwe EcoCash led by Econet Wireless, has attracted 2.3 million subscribers 18 months after its launch in September 2011 and supersedes all traditional domestic bank accounts.According to the international consulting firm, Global Strategic Marketing Alliance, over a million of these accounts are active and transfer each month nearly $ 200 million to EcoCash platform.
The period 2005-2010 corresponds to the second wave of the African digital revolution, when the continent was connected to the world through submarine fiber optic wedges.These cables have greatly increased data transmission capacity and reduces the time and costs of transmission.Before fiber optics, Internet providers depend on the satellite connection for a monthly cost of $ 2,300 for a basic connection.With fiber, they have the same service for less than $ 100.
It is this wave that has allowed technology platforms as l`iHUB Kenyan, the Kinu Tanzanian, Nigerian CcHUB and JoziHub Johannesburg to emerge.
Sixteen submarine cables now connect Africa to the Americas, Europe and Asia.With the exception of Eritrea and Western Sahara, all coastal countries have landing stations cables, tripling the capacity of the Internet in Africa over the last three years.A single cable can reach several stations. For example, the Seacom cable dessert Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa.
In Africa, the number d`utilisateurs increased seven times faster on average than the rest of the world, with growth of 3600% between 2000 and 2012, with 167 million users, according to the World website data Statistics, which records the use of internet and social erseaux.In Kenya, or the growth of Internet usage was the highest in Africa, the Communication Commission states that users increased from 200,000 in 2000 to more than 19.6 million end of 2013, an increase staggering 9700%.
- Barriers to internet access in Africa
The rates of Internet access in sub-Saharan Africa are the most expensive in the world by the ITU, the cost of a broadband connection is there on average, about $ 100 to 110 kilobits / second against less than $ 30 North Africa and less than $ 20 in the rest of the world.
However, the development potential is huge.In Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda and Tanzania, less than 10% of respondents knew the Internet.This rate rises to 30% in Benin, Botswana, d`ivoire Coast, Ghana and Namibia.
The low Internet penetration and high cost of the connection are mainly due to the absence of international high-capacity networks.
According to André Hounga specialist ICT Homintec-Togo, a telecommunication company:the delay on Internet penetration in some countries in Africa results from a lack of strategy and political commitment in this area.
Because the mainland is connected by several submarine cables and optical fiber, but the distribution lines is mostly limited to the ribs and did not really even gets inland.
African governments are slow to adopt the laws relating to the development and operation of ICT infrastructure.Nigeria, for example, is governed by archaic laws.Currently, its ICT is managed by three main pieces: the National Mass Communication Policy of 1990, the National Telecommunications Policy of 2000 and the National Policy for Information Technology in 2000.
~Frédéric Betta-Akwa
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