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YOUTHS UNEMPLOYMENT IN AFRICA: A TIME BOMB.

Africa is reputed to have the youngest population in the world (40 million young people) and it is expected to double by 2045 according to a report from the ADB, OECD and UNDP.

 This segment of the population (15-25 years) could be considered as advantage. But it is a real obstacle to the development of the African continent. For subjected to chronic unemployment.

We will note, for example, the fact that sub-Saharan Africa one in two young working (PRB) and the youth unemployment rate is 11.9% (ILO) .These young people are mostly graduates schools and training of African universities.






 In Cameroon, for example, XAF 150 billion are allocated each year for education. But despite this, the formations are proving inadequate to the needs of SMEs and SMIs.

 Moreover, young Africans in general compete for creativity. But often encountered a major problem is access to financing for project leaders; again according to a report by the ADB, OECD and UNDP.

 Which causes extensive informal sector which employs many of the unemployed youth in Sub-Saharan Africa and the North. This is only a remote consequence of youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa.

 The following phenomena:
-The Rush of young people to the Moroccan ratings risking their lives to reach Europe.
-The Riots in Cameroon in February 2008, which are also a direct result of youth unemployment which no longer have no future.


 Also in the same vein, the youth unemployment rate in North Africa is one of the highest in the world (WB, 2006) .In 2005 it was 23% in Algeria, 18% in Morocco and 21% in Tunisia (Assaad and Roudi Fahimi, 2007) despite the fact that 5% of GDP was invested in education over the last thirty years.

 One of the major causes of the high unemployment rate among young people in North Africa is the fact that the training received by students does not meet the needs of SMEs and SMIs as Sub-Saharan Africa. It therefore there's a mismatch between supply and demand on the labor market in Sub-Saharan Africa and the North.

On the other hand, that very high unemployment rates among young people in North Africa is also partly the fact that young women are mostly excluded from education.

 One will also pinpoint the following factors:
-The High fertility rate (Gubert and Nordman, 2009).
-The Global economic crisis of 2008, which particularly affected northern Africa on the African continent.
-The Red tape associated with the creation of SMEs and SMIs:
-The corporate income tax is very high.
-The Rules on employment is too rigid: it takes six months to dismiss an Algerian worker (ILO, 2000; Kpodar, 2007: 11)
-The High cost of social protection (Dyer, 2005: 24)
This, once again causes a rise of the informal sector which plays a major role in the political, economic and social stability of African states.Because, it employs many of the unemployed youth in  Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa.


 Do not forget that the Arab Spring is one of the major consequences of youth unemployment in North Africa. And that the lack of prospects, the feeling of worthlessness, exclusion and neglect are factors conducive to the rise of extremism:
-
Youth enrolment in terrorist groups because of lack of hope and marks.

 African states gain thus to establish common policies to tackle youth unemployment which constitutes a real threat to the political, economic and social stability of the continent forward.

 They have also interest in using and to international standards Courses at public and private universities.So that they can fit the needs of SMEs and SMIs African who are long-term growth drivers.

 Second, they must continue to clean up the African business environment by fighting against corruption and embezzlement of public funds. Which would further promote the arrival of FDI that are essential to the creation of SMEs and SMIs. Because, do not forget that a fulfilling youth this implies:
-An Increase in output per capita (Bloom and Canning, 2008).
-An Increase in savings and investment (Bloom and Canning, 2008).


 Despite the impasse African youth is, it should not give up. For, with growth of 6% over the past decade, Africa is the NEW FRONTIER as stated LIONEL ZINSOU during an interview on the debate: Africa IS CURSED (JAE) it is even more palpable with the advent of NEW YORK FORUM AFRICA GABON in the month of June 2012. Everything is still to be done in Africa. Governments must set up policies that make the environment more attractive for African affairs. And above all, the African youth must be at the center of these policies.


-Frédéric Betta-Akwa

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