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Bitcoin is a form of digital currency, created and held electronically.No one controls it.Bitcoins aren't printed, like dollars or euros-they are produced by people, and increasingly businesses, running computers all around the world, using software that solves mathematical problems. It's the first example of a growing category of money known as cryptocurrency. Why bother using it? True to its origins as an open, decentralized currency, bitcoin is meant to be a quicker,cheaper and more reliable form of payment than money tied to individual countries.In addition, it's the only form of money users can theoretically ''mine themselves, if they (and their computers) have the ability. But even for those who don't  discover using their own high-powered computers,anyone can buy and sell bitcoins, typically through online exchanges like Coinbase and LocalBitcoins. A 2015 survey showed bitcoin users tend to be overwhelmingly white and male, but of var...

The adoption of banking services offered by financial institutions, is not common in Africa, the following figures:less than 10% of the populations on the continent, about 10 million people are unbanked.And according to analysts, this is the lowest rate in the world banking.It is in this light that we focused on the causes of this phenomenon which constitutes a real obstacle to the economic development of the continent. The lack of political will Policy makers across the continent, few seem ready to facilitate the installation and accessibility of banks through legislation and appropriate devices. The tradition The weight of tradition is such that public confidence in the banking system is close to zero.The habit of the famous "tontine" these kinds of ancestors of microcredit continue to be, an essential part of informal savings systems. Everything is based on trust based on friendship, brotherhood or clan.What is it about?Some people create a commo...

L'adoption des services bancaires proposés par les institutions financières, n'est pas monnaie courante en Afrique, en témoignent les chiffres suivants:Moins de 10% des populations sur le continent,soit environ 10.000.000 de personnes sont bancarisées.Et selon les analystes, il s'agit du taux de bancarisation le plus bas au monde.C'est dans cette optique, que nous nous sommes penchés sur les causes de ce phénomène qui, constitue une véritable entrave au développement économique du continent. L'absence de volonté politique Les décideurs à travers le continent, semblent peu prompts à faciliter l'installation et l'accessibilité des banques au travers d'une législation et des dispositifs adéquats. La tradition Le poids des traditions est tel que, la confiance des populations à l'égard du système bancaire est proche du néant.L'habitude des fameuses "tontines",ces sortes d'ancêtres du microcrédit continuent d'êtr...

How has it started? The crisis of 2008 began with the difficulties faced by US households on low incomes, to repay the loans that had been granted to them for the purchase of their homes. These funds were intended for borrowers who did not have sufficient guarantees to benefit from preferential interest rates ( "prime rate"), but only to less preferential rates ("subprime"). The indebtedness of US households could rely on the extremely low interest rates practiced for years by the Central Bank of the United States (FED) in 2001 after the stock market crisis of values "internet".In addition, loans were rechargeable, which means that regularly, we took into account the increase in value of the property, and the borrower is allowed to réendetter the amount of the increase in the value of its assets.This has boosted the growth of the United States. Credits "subprime" were backed by a mortgage on the purchased housing, t...

Comment a t-elle démarrée? La crise de 2008 a débuté avec les difficultés rencontrées par les ménages américains à faible revenu, pour rembourser les crédits qui leur avaient été accordés pour l'achat de leur logement. Ces crédits étaient destinés à des emprunteurs qui ne présentaient pas les garanties suffisantes pour bénéficier des taux d'intérêts préférentiels (en anglais "prime rate"), mais seulement à des taux moins préférentiels ("subprimes"). L'endettement des ménages américains a pu s'appuyer sur les taux d'intérêts extrêmement bas pratiqués, pendant des années par la Banque Centrale des Etats-Unis (FED) à partir de 2001 après la crise boursière des valeurs "internet".En outre, les crédits étaient rechargeables, c'est à dire que régulièrement, on prenait en compte la hausse de la valeur du bien, et on autorisait l'emprunteur à se réendetter du  montant de la progression de la valeur de son patrimo...

The lack of financial services tailored to the needs of the most vulnerable populations, gave birth to microfinance. The latter made his first steps in Bangladesh. Through, the Grameenk Bank founded by Muhammad Yunus. This innovative concept at the time, had the ambition to provide small loans to villagers organized a volunteer group. The major innovation that allowed him to remove the guarantee and develop rapidly is: the principle of joint responsibility. Evolution In Africa, microfinance is growing rapidly. But only 7% of funds raised with 3.6 billion Euros and 5% of borrowers in 2010 according to figures from Mix Market .For the simple reason that it was first developed in Asia and in Latin America. In urban or densely populated rural areas. This form of financing with fixed costs, business volumes have to be high to achieve a balance prior profitability. But, African cities remain smaller than the Latin American metropolises or Asians. As for campaigns, they are not ...

L’absence de service financier adapté  aux besoins  des populations les plus vulnérables, a donné naissance à la microfinance. Cette dernière, fait ses premiers pas au Bangladesh. Au travers, de la Grameenk Bank fondée par Mohamed Yunus. Ce concept à l’époque innovant, avait pour ambition d’octroyer des petits crédits aux villageois organisés en groupement bénévole. L’innovation majeure qui lui a permis de supprimer la garantie et de se développer rapidement est : le principe de la responsabilité conjointe . Evolution En Afrique, la microfinance se développe rapidement. Mais, ne représente que 7% des fonds levés avec 3,6 Milliards d’Euros et 5% des emprunteurs  en 2010 selon les chiffres du Mix Market .Pour la simple raison, qu’elle s’est d’abord développée en Asie et  en Amérique Latine. Dans les zones urbaines ou rurales très densément peuplées. Cette forme de financement ayant des coûts fixes, les volumes d’activité doivent  être élevés...

Sub-Saharan Africa seems to be the most injured region of the world for access to finance for SMEs , evidenced by the following elements against : World region Get credit Register property Investor protection Contract compliance Sub-Saharan Africa 114 127 113 122 Latin America and Caribbean 64 93 83 108 Central Asia 107 73 111 70 East Asia and Pacific 65 70 61 71 South Asia 77 89 74 121 Central and Eastern Europe 42 67 70 54 Middle East and North Africa 113 77 93 113 OECD 37 53 61 36 Source : Doing Business ( www.doingbusiness.org),World Bank , 2009   Throughout this article, we will study the causes, consequences and solutions of this phenomenon.   90 % of SMEs in SSA are in the informal...